4 针对MHC的治疗
Th细胞的活化必需由TCR对由APC呈递的与MHC-II类分子相连的抗原作特异性识别,对AChR反应Th细胞的活化与MG发病相关,减少细胞表面的MHC-II类的表达可干扰MG发病,防碍致病性AChR表型或TCR分子与MHC-II类分子结合,可阻断CD4+T细胞与B细胞的相互作用[12]。Shenoy等用AChR和CFA免疫具有MHC-IAβ67、70和71位点基因突变的bm12小鼠对AChR 自身免疫反应弱,不发生肌无力;而无突变的B6小鼠能产生EAMG,表明改变MHC-II类分子能抑制EAMG的发生[13]。
综上所述,在采取特异治疗时需注意MG的某些特征:①AChR的丢失是抗体介导的,有效的治疗必需抑制抗AChR抗体;②抗AChR抗体的产生依赖于T细胞,针对T细胞的疗法是重要的措施;③AChR是高度免疫原抗原,用AChR免疫可产生多种对AChR反应的B、T细胞;④对AChR的免疫反应具有高度异质性。总之,近年来重症肌无力分子免疫学研究已取得了很大进展,不仅为认识疾病病因和免疫发病提供了依据,而且为用特异免疫疗法进行治疗打下基础。
作者单位:北京医科大学第一附属医院神经内科(100034)
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